Aircraft Design

Parametric aircraft configurator - fuselage, wing, and empennage designed with CadQuery and exported as STEP for manufacturing.


Interactive 3D Model

The model below is a parametric general aviation aircraft built entirely in Python with CadQuery. The wing uses the optimized airfoil shape from the aerodynamic optimization pipeline, lofted from root to tip with 25° sweep, 3° dihedral, and -2° twist. The fuselage is an elliptical cross-section body with nose-to-tail tapering. The empennage consists of a horizontal stabilizer and vertical stabilizer using NACA 0012 sections.

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Aircraft Specifications

ParameterValue
Fuselage Length10.0 m
Fuselage Width1.2 m
Fuselage Height0.8 m
Wing Span11.0 m
Wing Root Chord2.5 m
Wing Tip Chord0.75 m
Wing Sweep25°
Wing Dihedral
Wing Twist-2°
H-Stab Span2.0 m
V-Stab Height1.5 m
Airfoil (Wing)Optimized (12.2% t/c)

Design Decisions

Fuselage

The fuselage uses an elliptical cross-section with a 1.5:1 width-to-height ratio. This provides a good balance between aerodynamic efficiency (elliptical sections reduce form drag compared to rectangular) and internal volume for payload and systems. The nose tapers smoothly to a rounded tip, reaching full cross-section at 60% of the length. The fuselage maintains constant cross-section to 65% length, then tapers gradually through the empennage area to a rounded tail cone..

Wing

The wing uses a three-section loft: the root is at the aircraft centerline (Y=0), and it tapers linearly to the tip at Y=5.5 m with a taper ratio of 0.3 (tip chord / root chord). The 25° sweep improves high-speed performance and shifts the center of pressure aft for longitudinal stability. The 3° dihedral provides lateral stability through the pendulum effect. The -2° twist (washout) reduces the local angle of attack at the tip relative to the root, ensuring the root stalls before the tip for safer stall characteristics.

Empennage

The horizontal stabilizer uses a smaller-span, lower-aspect-ratio version of the same airfoil, mounted at the tail with 15° sweep. The vertical stabilizer uses a NACA 0012 symmetric airfoil rotated 90° to the vertical plane with 30° sweep. Both surfaces are sized to provide adequate pitch and yaw authority for the fuselage and wing geometry.

Design Philosophy

The aircraft is designed as a parametric template rather than a specific production model. Every dimension is adjustable through the Python API in physics/aircraft.py. The current configuration represents a mid-wing general aviation aircraft in the class of a 4-seat tourer or light utility aircraft. The geometry is intentionally simplified - no landing gear, engine nacelles, control surfaces, or internal structure - to serve as a starting point for parametric CAD studies.